Aging Asia: Challenges and Opportunities in a Rapidly Changing Demographic Landscape

The rapid demographic shift occurring across Asia and the Pacific presents both significant challenges and remarkable opportunities as the population ages. As the number of individuals aged over 60 is projected to double within the next few decades, the region faces pressing questions not only regarding the sustainability of pension systems but also how to adequately meet the rising demand for physical and mental healthcare services. Currently, a staggering 57 percent of older adults in the region live with at least one noncommunicable disease, with hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease being the most prevalent. Alarmingly, only 40 percent of this demographic receives regular health check-ups, leading to concerning levels of untreated health issues. Mental health is also a growing concern, as nearly one-third of older individuals report experiencing depressive symptoms, often exacerbated by feelings of loneliness and social isolation. This rapid ageing is unprecedented, occurring at a time when fertility rates are plummeting and before many countries in the region have reached advanced economic status. By 2050, the number of older adults in Asia and the Pacific is expected to swell to 1.2 billion—approximately 25 percent of the population in developing areas. While increased longevity is a testament to the region's socio-economic progress, it also necessitates urgent, innovative responses to ensure the continued wellbeing of its ageing citizens. Healthcare is undoubtedly the cornerstone of this wellbeing. A healthy older population is not only crucial for enhancing quality of life but also vital for maintaining economic productivity and social engagement. The demand for health and long-term care services is anticipated to surge, which, although potentially costly, can lead to a “silver dividend.” The Asian Development Bank suggests that capitalizing on the untapped work capacity of older persons could boost GDP by as much as 1.5 percent in various Asian economies. Investment in disease prevention strategies offers a pathway to both significant health outcomes and economic benefits. Community-based initiatives that promote healthier lifestyles, such as reduced tobacco use, better management of chronic conditions, and increased physical activity, have already shown promising results. Such preventive measures not only alleviate the healthcare burden but also foster a more productive ageing population. However, the challenges extend beyond healthcare. Many older workers face the instability of informal employment, which often lacks protections and compels them to work into their declining years. Furthermore, the data reveals a concerning gender disparity; older women, who outlive their male counterparts, are disproportionately affected by chronic diseases yet often possess fewer resources and support mechanisms to access necessary healthcare. To tackle these interconnected challenges, a comprehensive policy approach is essential. Expanding pension coverage and ensuring adequate benefits, particularly for the most vulnerable populations, must be prioritized. Additionally, creating environments that facilitate the continued employment of older individuals, such as offering incentives for businesses to hire older workers and adjusting rigid retirement policies, could empower this demographic. Moreover, fostering a culture of life-long learning and financial planning for retirement will be critical in equipping citizens to navigate the challenges of old age. By actively encouraging healthy lifestyles and continuous skill development, governments can lay a foundation that promotes longevity alongside productivity. The cost of inaction is steep, leading to rising healthcare demands, increased inequality, and diminished social cohesion. Conversely, by investing in the health and wellbeing of older generations, governments have the potential to cultivate a future where ageing is synonymous with vitality and productivity. As Asia and the Pacific navigate this unprecedented demographic transition, it is imperative to ensure that all citizens have the opportunity to age well and live fulfilling lives. The time for action is now, as the possibility of a healthier, more productive older population hangs in the balance.