"Cerebral lymphoma: a silent threat that deserves more attention and awareness."

Cerebral lymphoma is a pathology that, although uncommon, can have devastating consequences. This type of cancer originates in the brain from cells of the lymphatic system, directly involving the central nervous system. Its ability to develop rapidly and affect the health of those who suffer from it is a major concern, especially considering that many of its symptoms can be confused with less serious conditions. In general terms, there are two types of cerebral lymphoma. The first, primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), occurs when cancerous cells begin in the brain or in the meninges, the membranes surrounding the brain. This type is more common among individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those living with HIV/AIDS, those who have received organ transplants, or those suffering from autoimmune diseases. Often, this lymphoma is more difficult to treat due to its delicate location. On the other hand, secondary cerebral lymphoma originates in other parts of the body, such as the lymph nodes, before spreading to the brain. This type is more prevalent than the primary one and frequently occurs in individuals with a history of lymphoma or other types of cancer. Early identification and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes in both types. The symptoms of cerebral lymphoma are varied and depend on the location and size of the tumor. Among the most common are persistent headaches, seizures, visual disturbances, and changes in behavior. These symptoms can be very alarming and often lead patients to seek medical attention. Headaches are typically more intense in the mornings or when changing positions, which may indicate increased intracranial pressure. Neurological dysfunction can also manifest as weakness on one side of the body or difficulties coordinating movements. Nausea and vomiting are symptoms that accompany elevated intracranial pressure, and all of these require thorough medical evaluation. To confirm a diagnosis of cerebral lymphoma, imaging tests such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans are usually performed. In some cases, a brain biopsy may be needed for a definitive diagnosis. The treatment of cerebral lymphoma is multidisciplinary and depends on various factors, including the type of lymphoma, its location, and the overall health of the patient. The most common treatment options are radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and even immunotherapy. Radiation therapy is frequently used to reduce the size of the tumor and eliminate cancerous cells. Chemotherapy can be administered systemically or intrathecally, aiming to attack the cancer from different fronts. Immunotherapy, a more recent alternative, seeks to strengthen the patient's immune system so that it can attack tumor cells. Surgery may also be an option in certain cases, although surgical approaches in the brain are complicated due to the delicacy of brain tissue and the potential impact on vital functions. Recently, cerebral lymphoma has gained notoriety in the media, especially due to the case of the famous Spanish singer Raphael, who has been diagnosed with this disease. His bravery in sharing his struggle has resonated with his followers and has contributed to raising awareness about this pathology. The cancellation of his scheduled world tour for 2025, including his return to Vive Latino in Mexico City, has generated great concern among his fans, but it has also opened an important dialogue about health and cancer. Raphael's story is a reminder that cerebral lymphoma does not discriminate, affecting individuals from all professions and social statuses. The visibility and notoriety that his case has brought can help to destigmatize the disease, allowing more people to seek early medical attention for concerning symptoms. The importance of timely detection and treatment cannot be underestimated, and every action taken to raise awareness about this disease can make a difference in the lives of many. It is vital for both the general public and healthcare professionals to be alert to the symptoms of cerebral lymphoma. Education and information are powerful tools in the fight against cancer, and every shared story can inspire others to seek help and not ignore the signals that their bodies send them.