Medical advances against HIV: stigma and lack of education persist.

Over the past four decades, HIV has been the focal point of a constant struggle between medical advancements and an ongoing social battle. David Alvarado, president of the Mexican Foundation for the Fight Against AIDS (Fundasida), emphasizes that despite the antiretroviral treatments that have transformed the lives of those living with the virus, the stigma surrounding it persists. This phenomenon not only affects the social perception of HIV but also influences the health and well-being of the individuals who carry it. Alvarado points out that, despite the achievements in treatment and understanding of the disease, "we face the challenge of understanding what the virus is, how it is transmitted, and what happens to a person who has this condition." Apparently, the lack of adequate information has fueled deeply harmful myths, which often translate into limited access to testing and treatment—a reality that is more urgent than ever to address. HIV remains a sexually transmitted infection, with the majority of transmissions occurring through unprotected sexual practices. According to recent data, nine out of ten cases are due to a lack of protection during sexual intercourse, exposing everyone, regardless of their sexual orientation, to the risk of infection. However, the epidemic in Mexico is particularly concentrated among men who have sex with men, a group that has been severely affected by a lack of prevention and education regarding the virus. Although there is also considerable risk in heterosexual relationships, the prevailing narrative continues to be that HIV is an isolated problem affecting certain groups. This exclusionary view is not only incorrect but also contributes to the stigmatization of all individuals living with the virus. "Unprotected sexual practices are what increase the risk of infection," emphasizes Alvarado, who warns that everyone with an active sex life must be aware of this reality. One of the most damaging myths is the belief that once AIDS develops, there is no turning back. Medicine has advanced to such an extent that it is possible to reverse this condition if opportunistic infections are addressed immediately. This has contributed to a decrease in complications and deaths related to AIDS, demonstrating that early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can change the lives of affected individuals. The stigma surrounding HIV has a significant impact on the mental and physical health of those who carry it. Many people avoid getting tested for fear of being judged, and others, even when they know their status, choose not to seek treatment. Alvarado mentions that "patients themselves come to stigmatize HIV," creating a cycle that perpetuates if existing myths are not dismantled and accessible, truthful education is not provided. The situation is further complicated in the case of women, who often face the double burden of stigma: they are not only judged for their health status but also associated with an image of promiscuity. This creates additional barriers to accessing healthcare and HIV prevention. Education and the dissemination of accurate information are essential to combat this phenomenon. Despite medical advancements, Mexico still faces serious limitations in access to innovative treatments. While other countries are using medications like lenacapavir, which not only reduces viral load but can also prevent transmission, many in Mexico still do not have access to these advancements. The lack of resources and inequality in healthcare must be addressed immediately. The future of HIV presents both challenges and opportunities. While current treatments have improved the quality of life for many, the fight to eradicate stigma and provide equitable access to healthcare remains a long road ahead. As a society, we must commit to informing, educating, and supporting those living with HIV, because in the end, no one is exempt from this virus. The battle against HIV is not just a medical issue but a human rights issue. Eradicating stigma and providing clear and accessible information is crucial to ensuring that all individuals have the opportunity to live a full life, regardless of their serological status. If we do not address these social issues, medical advancements will remain incomplete, and in doing so, we will continue to perpetuate pain and discrimination.