Mount Semeru Erupts Ten Times, Sparks Alarm and Safety Measures for Local Residents

Mount Semeru in East Java has captured national attention following a dramatic series of eruptions that took place on January 2, 2025. The volcano erupted ten times throughout the day, sending ash clouds soaring up to 1,200 meters above its summit, reaching an impressive altitude of 4,876 meters above sea level. The eruptions, characterized by a striking white to gray ash column, were predominantly directed towards the north, raising concerns among local residents and officials. Liswanto, an officer at the Semeru Volcano Observation Post (PGA) in Lumajang, reported that the most intense volcanic activity occurred in the early hours, with peaks noted at 00:57, 02:41, and again later in the morning around 11:00 to 12:00. During this one-hour window, the mountain erupted four times, showcasing a significant increase in volcanic unrest. Unfortunately, thick cloud cover obstructed visual observation, complicating efforts to assess the eruptions more closely. Seismograph data collected from the monitoring post on Mount Sawur revealed a flurry of seismic activity over the 24 hours leading up to the eruptions. This included 34 eruption earthquakes, characterized by varying amplitudes and durations, as well as other notable seismic events such as avalanche and tectonic earthquakes. The overall seismic profile indicates a period of heightened volatility, consistent with the findings from the volcanic monitoring teams. In light of these developments, Mount Semeru's activity level has been raised to Alert Level II (Waspada), prompting the Center for Volcanology and Geological Disaster Mitigation (PVMBG) to issue critical safety recommendations for residents in the surrounding areas. A strict exclusion zone has been established, advising individuals to stay at least 8 kilometers from the volcano's peak, particularly in the southeast sector along Besuk Kobokan, which is considered the eruption's epicenter. Moreover, residents living near riverbanks along Besuk Kobokan are urged to maintain a safe distance of at least 500 meters due to the risk of potential hot clouds and lava flows that could extend up to 13 kilometers from the summit. The PVMBG has further recommended that individuals avoid activity within a 3-kilometer radius of the crater, highlighting the dangers posed by ejected incandescent rocks. Authorities continue to monitor the situation closely, emphasizing the importance of vigilance as the threat of hot clouds, lava avalanches, and flows persists, especially in valleys and rivers fed by Mount Semeru. The areas most at risk include Besuk Kobokan, Besuk Bang, Besuk Kembar, and Besuk Sat. As the volcano remains active, local communities are encouraged to heed safety advisories and stay informed about the ongoing volcanic activity. The recent eruptions serve as a stark reminder of the potential hazards posed by Mount Semeru and the necessity for preparedness in the face of nature's unpredictable forces.