Climate change and earthquakes: Is Euskal Herria really prepared?

In recent decades, the discussion about the relationship between climate change and seismic activity has gained special relevance in both scientific and social spheres. However, there is no consensus on this connection; some researchers argue that the atmosphere and the lithosphere are separated by a kind of membrane that would prevent climatic events, such as intense rainfall, from triggering earthquakes. This lack of agreement highlights the complexity of natural phenomena and the need for deeper research in this area. Euskadi, a territory with unique geological characteristics, presents low seismicity. Historically, it has not been the site of major earthquakes, which provides a sense of security to its inhabitants. However, neighboring Navarra has proven to be more prone to these seismic events, especially in its northern region. Records indicate that the area has experienced significant tremors, such as the Lizarraga earthquake in 1998, which reached a magnitude of 5.2. Despite the intensity of the event, no significant damage was reported due to the distance from metropolitan areas. The question that arises is whether we are truly prepared to face a major earthquake in Euskal Herria. Although efforts have been made to increase the seismic resistance of buildings, the reality indicates that preparedness is only "adequate." The traditional architecture of the region, which has evolved over the years, has proven to be more resistant to seismic accelerations than current regulations suggest. However, the widespread use of reinforced concrete in construction since the 1940s has introduced vulnerabilities that cannot be ignored. In light of this concern, political parties in the region have adopted measures, such as including earthquake education in school curricula for children. Such initiatives are a positive step, but the implementation of more thorough reviews of seismicity in the Pamplona Basin has taken a back seat. The lack of concrete actions raises doubts about the effectiveness of the policies adopted in the face of an eventuality that could have devastating consequences. The absence of an updated plan appropriate to the local geological context, such as the Special Civil Protection Plan for Seismic Risk in the Autonomous Community of Navarra (SISNA 2020), is one of the concerns cited by experts. The proposal to address this issue with the collaboration of Civil Protection and to adapt studies to the geological reality is fundamental to ensuring the safety of the population against seismic risks. The relationship between climate change and seismic activity requires an approach that considers not only geological characteristics but also the impacts of climate change on infrastructure. The construction of buildings and hospitals in areas vulnerable to geological faults is an example of how a lack of planning can create greater risks. Adapting urban planning to natural realities is a priority that cannot be overlooked. It is crucial for the community to recognize that individual actions to combat climate change are insufficient without a collective and global approach. Solutions must be comprehensive and consider the adaptation of the built environment to environmental challenges. Urban planning and development must align with geological criteria to minimize the risks posed by phenomena such as earthquakes. The importance of continuous dialogue and collaboration among different sectors is fundamental to effectively addressing this issue. Education and awareness are key, not only to prepare future generations for a possible earthquake but also to foster a culture of prevention and adaptation to climate change. In conclusion, while the relationship between climate change and seismic activity remains a developing field of study, it is evident that preparedness and adaptation are essential. The community must work together to implement effective measures that ensure the safety and well-being of its citizens, taking the opportunity to learn from past experiences and the lessons that nature teaches us.