Santander faces debate over earthquakes: experts advocate for preparedness and resilience.

The Santander region has been at the center of an intense debate regarding its seismic activity, especially following the recent tremors recorded this week, which reached magnitudes of 4.8 and 4.6 on the Richter scale. These earthquakes have led many to question why this area is so prone to seismic events. Experts, such as geologist Flover Rodríguez-Portillo, explain that the answer lies in the geological and tectonic complexity of the area. Colombia, and particularly Santander, is situated at the intersection of several major tectonic plates. According to Rodríguez-Portillo, the South American Plate and the Nazca Plate are primarily responsible for the seismic movements in the region. This interaction creates a scenario conducive to the occurrence of tremors, as the accumulated tensions between the plates are suddenly released, generating earthquakes. "These movements are natural expressions of the earth that, in the case of Santander, are part of its geological reality," emphasizes the director of the Colombian Association of Geologists and Geophysicists of Energy. The recent earthquake of 4.6, which had its epicenter in Los Santos, is just one of many events that have shaken the region in recent decades. Although most of these earthquakes have not caused significant damage, their frequency generates a climate of unease among the local population. According to the Geological Service, 83% of Colombians live in areas that face some level of seismic risk. This translates into the need to strengthen infrastructure and preparedness for potential emergencies. The fear of earthquakes in Santander is not unfounded. Historically, the region has experienced significant seismic movements. One of the most remembered occurred on March 11, 2015, when a 6.6 magnitude earthquake caused panic in Bucaramanga. Despite its magnitude, no casualties were reported, highlighting the importance of the depth at which these phenomena occur, which, in many cases, such as in 2015, was considerably high. The distinctions between magnitude and intensity are aspects that Rodríguez-Portillo insists the population must understand. While magnitude refers to the energy released by an earthquake, intensity measures the impact it can have on a specific area. This distinction is crucial, as an earthquake can be very strong in terms of magnitude, but if it occurs at great depth, its effect on the surface may be minimal. Prevention and preparedness are the fundamental themes that Rodríguez-Portillo proposes to mitigate the effects of an earthquake. "It’s not about predicting when the next earthquake will occur, but about being ready to face its consequences," he notes. The implementation of evacuation plans and education on how to react during an earthquake are essential measures that must be adopted in the most vulnerable communities. Despite the misinformation and myths that often surround earthquakes, the role of the media and educational institutions is vital. Informing citizens about the nature of these phenomena and the safety measures that should be taken is key to reducing panic and uncertainty. Moreover, Rodríguez-Portillo calls on authorities to prioritize the construction of more earthquake-resistant infrastructure. "It's not just about building, but about building well, considering the seismicity of the region," he asserts. Adaptation and resilience are concepts that should guide urban development in Santander. Thus, as tremors continue to be a part of daily life in Santander, the scientific community and the general population must work together to understand and prepare for these natural phenomena. Education, adequate infrastructure, and social awareness are the pillars that will enable the people of Santander to face the challenges posed by earthquakes, minimizing their adverse effects on life and infrastructure in the region.