Challenges of Gustavo Petro: The Fight for Real Democracy in Colombia

The reflection on politics and its relationship with institutions is a topic that has gained relevance in contemporary public debate. John Plamenatz, a renowned political philosopher, rightly points out that the true study of politics should focus on institutions rather than the individuals that comprise them. This is especially pertinent in the context of a Latin America marked by the struggle between institutional power and social demands. Institutions are, to a large extent, a reflection of the historical struggles that have defined each nation, particularly Colombia. Although institutions are made up of human beings, they become permanent entities that, while they can be transformed, can also perpetuate injustices. In Colombia, this reality has manifested in the resistance to eradicate the racism, classism, and machismo that still persist in the social structure. Despite advancements in the formality of institutions, the inequities that accompany them continue to challenge the idea of a genuine democracy. It is here that the figures of leaders like Alfonso Pumarejo and Jorge Eliécer Gaitán become key to understanding the reformist efforts throughout history. Gustavo Petro, the current president of Colombia, finds himself at a crossroads similar to that of his predecessors. His rise to power promised a radical change, but reality has shown that navigating the waters of institutional politics is a process filled with obstacles. Despite his intentions to unite the country, the political commitments made during his campaign have diluted his ability to act with autonomy. This phenomenon highlights the dichotomy between the "Political Country," which seeks to maintain the status quo through bureaucracy and corruption, and the "National Country," which cries out for social justice and equity. The contrast between these two worlds has manifested in the historical struggles for greater transparency and accountability in government. Gaitán, with his famous call for the "Moral Restoration of the Republic," demanded that political struggles be conducted within constitutional frameworks, a principle that remains vital. Institutions must be the bastion of democracy, but history has shown that they are often at the service of small groups of power seeking to perpetuate their privileges. The current political regime in Colombia resembles a circus where elections are empty rituals, devoid of true competitive meaning. History is rife with examples where the popular will was ignored, such as in the 1970 election, which left an indelible mark on collective memory. This generates profound distrust among citizens, who see their hopes fade in the face of institutional manipulation. As Petro takes on the challenge of transforming the country, it is essential that he avoids falling into the trap of the corrupt commitments that have characterized Colombian politics. The recent controversy related to the National Unit for Disaster Risk Management highlights the urgency of cleansing institutions of practices that are not only immoral but also undermine the principles of a leftist government. The challenge is monumental. Gaitán warned about the "small oligarchic minority" that benefited at the expense of the majority, and this same problem resonates today. Rampant corruption and the manipulation of institutions are not mere isolated incidents; they are part of a system that needs to be dismantled and rebuilt from the ground up. The promise of a "Colombia as a world power of life" is an ideal that must be translated into concrete and effective actions. Time is essential for Petro's government. With only two years left in his term, he faces the pressure of implementing reforms that provide real solutions to the concerns of the population. The opposition, which now presents itself as the voice of morality, should not be underestimated, as it has the potential to capitalize on any mistakes or failures of the current government in the upcoming elections. The specter of a return of a recalcitrant right is a constant reminder that change must be tangible and sustainable. Gaitán's legacy offers valuable lessons that President Petro could leverage. History has shown that politics requires concrete actions, not just speeches. Politics cannot be a mechanical game where gains are measured in votes; it must focus on improving people's lives. Health, education, and the economy are dimensions that must be urgently addressed if a more equitable and just future is to be built. In conclusion, the fight against corruption and the quest for true democracy in Colombia are challenges that require courage and determination. Institutions must be a platform for change and not a refuge for impunity. History is watching, and the voice of the people, which has cried out for justice for so long, must be heard and addressed. Only then can the historical tragedy that has marked Colombia be overcome, and a future where politics truly serves the common good be advanced.