Notable improvement in forest fires in Spain, but caution remains key.

The situation of wildfires in Spain presents a notably more favorable outlook compared to the previous year. According to data obtained up to July 28, 2024, the area of burned hectares on the Peninsula has decreased by 53%, from 64,737 hectares in 2023 to 30,363 currently. This change is reflected in the significant reduction in the number of fires, which has fallen by 40%, providing relief for both emergency services and affected communities. Marcelino Núñez, an expert from the State Meteorological Agency (Aemet), attributes this decrease to the favorable climatic conditions this year. The rainy season has been more generous, contributing to an increase in soil moisture and, consequently, a reduction in the risk of fires. "We have had quite a rainy campaign," Núñez states, highlighting that although in some areas, such as Barcelona and Girona, the drought has been severe, recent storms have alleviated the situation. However, despite these encouraging numbers, the expert warns about the importance of maintaining caution. "It is not wise to challenge nature," Núñez points out, reminding that although the fires have been less devastating so far, the summer season is not over yet and conditions that favor their spread may arise. In fact, heatwaves have been recorded, although they have been less intense and shorter compared to previous years. The data so far shows that 1,134 fires have occurred in the same period, compared to 1,874 recorded the previous year. This suggests that while there has been a notable improvement, there is still a long way to go. The long-term trend in Spain shows significant variability in annual fire records, adding a layer of uncertainty to the assessment of the situation. The year 2022 is remembered as one of the most devastating in recent history, with 2,359 fires and over 189,000 hectares burned by the same date. The memory of those tragic events makes any improvement in the present feel somewhat relieving, though also comes with a dose of caution. In the region of Catalonia, the trend is similar, with a 25% reduction in the number of fires and a 75% decrease in the burned area. This change is related to the region coming out of the most acute phase of drought, allowing the rains in May and early summer to improve forest moisture, increasing their resistance to possible fires. Anna Sanitjas, the General Director of Forest Ecosystems of the Generalitat, also points out that while the situation is a relief, attention must be paid to climate forecasts. A new heatwave is anticipated that could further complicate the situation. Additionally, she warns about the dangers posed by dead trees accumulated from previous years' drought, which could serve as fuel in the event of a fire. The outlook is not uniform across all regions, as some areas, such as Terres de l'Ebre, continue to face significant risks due to a lack of rainfall. Sanitjas emphasizes that climate change and the abandonment of forests have created a dangerous cocktail that could foster fires in the future. The need to implement effective forest management and fire prevention policies is more urgent than ever. Sanitjas stresses that advances in fire prevention and awareness of the importance of protecting forest ecosystems must be complemented by greater investment in preventive measures. Only then can it be ensured that the improvements in this year's fire campaign are not merely the result of favorable weather conditions. In conclusion, while this year's data offers a respite in the fight against wildfires, the situation remains delicate and requires ongoing attention. Maintaining constant vigilance and strengthening prevention policies are crucial steps to ensure the protection of natural spaces and the safety of the communities that depend on them.