Wildfires: the majority are caused by human action and their impact.

Wildfires are devastating phenomena that not only affect flora and fauna but also have profound economic and social consequences for communities that depend on these ecosystems. Although climate change has exacerbated the conditions conducive to the development of these fires, it is essential to understand that the majority of wildfires are caused by human action. According to the National Disaster Prevention Center (CENAPRED), approximately 90% of the fires in the country result from human activities, with only 1% attributable to natural phenomena. Among human activities, agricultural practices are primarily responsible for nearly half of wildfires, accounting for an alarming 44%. This includes the burning of land for agriculture and livestock, which, although it can be a traditional practice, is often carried out without adequate control and prevention measures. Additionally, 19% of fires are intentionally set in the context of social and legal conflicts, highlighting the complexity of the issue. Other contributing causes include the negligence of smokers, which accounts for 11% of cases, and poorly extinguished campfires, which represent 12%. Furthermore, one must consider accidents involving vehicles, trains, and aircraft, as well as downed power lines, all of which can ignite a fire at a critical moment. This wide range of causes suggests that prevention must be multifaceted and address both fire education and the regulation of activities that may be hazardous. The fire triangle is a key concept for understanding how wildfires start. A combination of heat, oxygen, and combustible materials is required for a fire to ignite and spread. In forests, the heat necessary for ignition does not occur spontaneously; an external source must reach temperatures above 200 °C. On the other hand, the moisture content of combustible materials plays a fundamental role in their ability to burn, with those having low water content being more susceptible. The phases of a wildfire are equally important for understanding its development and spread. From the initial ignition to the growth of the fire and its eventual extinction, each stage presents specific challenges. Early detection and rapid response are crucial to minimizing damage and controlling the fire's spread. The consequences of wildfires are devastating. The loss of moisture in the soil can result in hardening that prevents water infiltration, thus affecting the health of the ecosystem as a whole. Additionally, wildlife habitats are destroyed, and essential food chains are disrupted, impacting biodiversity. Recovery of affected areas is a long-term process that can take 15 to 50 years, depending on the species of plant or tree that has been affected. Surviving plants and trees also suffer consequences, becoming more vulnerable to pests and diseases that compromise their growth and regeneration. This cascading effect can alter the structure and function of the ecosystem for generations, making the need for effective preventive measures even more urgent. It is imperative that prevention recommendations are taken seriously and that concrete actions are implemented to protect our forests and natural resources. The phrase "a fire prevented is a fire that does not need to be extinguished" resonates strongly in this context. Educating the population about fire management and respecting nature becomes a priority. Finally, we all have a role to play in preventing wildfires. If signs of smoke or fire are observed, it is essential to report it immediately to 112. Collective vigilance and quick action can make a difference in safeguarding our valuable ecosystems and protecting our communities. Collaboration between authorities, communities, and citizens is essential to building a safer future in the face of the threat of wildfires.