Political crisis in Venezuela generates fear of a new migratory exodus in the region.

The political crisis in Venezuela continues to have a severe impact on the region, with fears that a new wave of migrants will head to countries like Peru, Colombia, and Chile. In Peru's largest garment market, seamstress Diana Yaranga reflects the anxiety of many locals who fear the arrival of more Venezuelans seeking employment. With 20% of the 100,000 workers in this market being Venezuelan, Yaranga feels threatened by the potential competition for scarce jobs. “Everyone is worried because the number of migrants is going to increase, there will be a fight for jobs... it’s a bit scary,” she confesses. Since 2014, approximately 7.7 million Venezuelans have left their country, seeking refuge in various Latin American nations. Colombia has been the primary recipient, followed by Peru, Chile, Brazil, and Ecuador. However, the recent post-electoral crisis in Venezuela has generated instability, with both contenders, Nicolás Maduro and Edmundo González, claiming victory amid accusations of fraud. This tense climate could trigger a new exodus, which worries neighboring countries that are already facing significant challenges in accommodating current migrants. Ronal Rodríguez, spokesperson for the Migration Observatory at the University of Rosario in Colombia, warns that the region does not have sufficient resources to manage an increase in Venezuelan migration. Immigration policies vary from country to country; for example, Peru has imposed stricter requirements, demanding a passport and visa, while Colombia has granted temporary protection status to many migrants. Chile, for its part, has tightened its policies even further and is considering additional measures to control entry. Peruvian President Dina Boluarte has acknowledged the opposition's victory, and her government has begun to reinforce borders in preparation for a possible increase in migrant arrivals. Meanwhile, Colombian President Gustavo Petro is seeking diplomatic solutions in collaboration with leaders from Brazil and Mexico. However, the implementation of proactive measures is still unclear, and many in the region feel powerless in the face of the consequences of the Venezuelan crisis. Chile is also in a delicate situation. Interior Minister Carolina Tohá has mentioned the need to prepare for an increase in migration flow, which includes the possible implementation of a quota system to manage the arrival of refugees. Although the government has ruled out closing the borders, it seeks to increase military presence in border areas. Tohá emphasizes that it will be necessary to replicate successful experiences in managing humanitarian crises, similar to what occurred in Europe. The situation is even more challenging for those seeking refuge due to their status as human rights defenders, journalists, or politicians. Rodríguez points out that the process for obtaining asylum is complex and can take years, leaving many vulnerable to instability and violence. This vulnerability is exacerbated by the current situation in Colombia, which, although improved in some aspects, still faces significant problems in its institutional infrastructure for managing migration. As the crisis in Venezuela worsens, there is also an increase in the number of migrants seeking to reach the United States through dangerous routes such as the Darién jungle. This has generated a humanitarian alert in the region, as many face extreme risks, including personal insecurity and lack of access to food and basic services. Colombian Senator Angélica Lozano has highlighted the seriousness of the situation and the need to find effective solutions that protect the dignity of migrants. However, the arrival of more migrants has not been well received in all areas. In Chile, the tightening of border policies has generated discontent among the local population, where a high percentage of citizens support stricter measures to regulate migration. The perception that migrants may contribute to crime has fueled rejection towards Venezuelans, creating a tense and often hostile environment. Despite the difficulties, many Venezuelan migrants continue to seek better opportunities. The reality is that many cannot afford three meals a day or secure access to decent housing. Poverty and informal labor are common problems among those who have arrived in recent years, according to UNHCR. This situation highlights the urgent need for a coordinated and effective response among countries in the region to address the Venezuelan migration crisis, while simultaneously respecting the rights of migrants and the concerns of local populations. In conclusion, the crisis in Venezuela not only affects its citizens but also poses a humanitarian and social challenge for all of Latin America. The response of receiving countries will be crucial to ensure that human rights are protected while seeking a comprehensive solution to this complex situation.