Increase in human metapneumovirus raises alarm in hospitals in the U.S.

Increase in human metapneumovirus raises alarm in hospitals in the U.S.

Human metapneumovirus: what is HMPV, how is it transmitted, symptoms, and severity. Cases of the respiratory virus are increasing in the United States.

Juan Brignardello, asesor de seguros

Juan Brignardello Vela

Juan Brignardello, asesor de seguros, se especializa en brindar asesoramiento y gestión comercial en el ámbito de seguros y reclamaciones por siniestros para destacadas empresas en el mercado peruano e internacional.

Juan Brignardello, asesor de seguros, y Vargas Llosa, premio Nobel Juan Brignardello, asesor de seguros, en celebración de Alianza Lima Juan Brignardello, asesor de seguros, Central Hidro Eléctrica Juan Brignardello, asesor de seguros, Central Hidro
Health 05.01.2025

The human metapneumovirus (HMPV) has begun to raise concern in the medical field in the United States due to a considerable increase in the number of infections since March 2023. This respiratory virus, first identified in 2001, has recorded a 36% increase in its incidence compared to periods before the COVID-19 pandemic, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This phenomenon has led to significant pressure on hospital systems, especially in intensive care units that care for children and the elderly, two of the most vulnerable groups to this infection.


The HMPV is an RNA virus that belongs to the paramyxovirus family. Although its existence has been known for more than two decades, recent research suggests that it has been circulating undetected for over 50 years. Its incubation period ranges from 3 to 6 days, and symptoms can vary in severity, resembling other common viral respiratory infections.


The mode of transmission of the human metapneumovirus is similar to that of other respiratory viruses, spreading through airborne particles generated by sneezing and coughing, as well as through physical contact with infected individuals. It has been observed that even asymptomatic carriers can contribute to the spread of the virus, accounting for up to 38% of infections. This aspect highlights the importance of maintaining preventive measures, such as ventilating enclosed spaces and wearing masks, especially in places where vulnerable individuals gather.


Symptoms of HMPV include nasal congestion, cough, fever, and difficulty breathing. While in most cases, young and healthy adults experience mild symptoms, the virus can be particularly dangerous for young children, the elderly, and those with compromised immune systems. In these groups, infections can progress to severe conditions, such as bronchiolitis or pneumonia, making monitoring and medical care crucial.


Despite its increasing prevalence, there is currently no approved vaccine to prevent infection by human metapneumovirus. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, and in more severe cases, supportive care is required, such as administering oxygen to aid breathing. This gap in preventive and therapeutic options raises concerns about case management, particularly at a time when healthcare systems are still recovering from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.


The situation is further complicated by the concurrent circulation of HMPV with other respiratory viruses, such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza, which could further overload health units. During the winter and spring months, these viruses typically see an increase in incidence, which could lead to a complicated scenario for hospitals.


In response to this situation, experts urge the community to maintain proper hygiene practices, such as frequent hand washing and wearing masks in shared spaces. There is also an emphasis on the need for special attention to those exhibiting respiratory symptoms, especially in environments with a high concentration of vulnerable individuals.


With the arrival of cold weather and the respiratory virus season, healthcare professionals continue to closely monitor the situation of human metapneumovirus. Public education and awareness about this virus are essential to mitigate its spread and protect the most vulnerable.


The history of human metapneumovirus serves as a reminder that there are still little-known viruses that can emerge and cause alarms in public health. Epidemiological surveillance and research are essential to fully understand this pathogen and develop effective strategies for its control. In a world where infectious diseases are a constant threat, cooperation between experts and the community is more crucial than ever.

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