Ministry of Health strengthens the prevention of STIs in pregnant women.

In the context of strengthening prenatal care and preventing the vertical transmission of infections, the Ministry of Public Health has taken the initiative to highlight the importance of preventing and controlling Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) during pregnancy. This approach not only focuses on the health of pregnant individuals but also on that of their babies, emphasizing the need for testing both the pregnant woman and her sexual partner. STIs can be transmitted during pregnancy, with the most common being HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B. Early detection of these infections is crucial, as it allows affected individuals to receive appropriate treatments that improve their quality of life and prevent transmission to their children. In particular, the implementation of preventive measures around HIV has been shown to significantly reduce perinatal transmission, an advancement considered vital in the field of public health. Regarding syphilis, timely diagnosis becomes essential, as the disease is treatable with a simple course of penicillin. However, transmission during pregnancy can cause serious health issues for the fetus or newborn, making prevention through testing and treatment a priority. Laura Caporaletti, head of the Sexually Transmitted Diseases program, has emphasized the importance of the active role of health teams. Caporaletti argues that it is essential for health professionals to inform about the use of condoms and the regular monitoring of the sexual health of pregnant women and their partners. Even if results are negative, monitoring is essential to ensure that all individuals involved are protected. STIs are primarily transmitted through unprotected sexual relations, and anyone can be vulnerable regardless of age or sexual orientation. Not all STIs present obvious symptoms, making detection difficult. The most common signs include abnormal discharges and the appearance of sores or warts in various parts of the body, which can be painful or painless. The correct use of condoms remains the main strategy for preventing the transmission of STIs. Additionally, there are specific vaccines for hepatitis B and the human papillomavirus (HPV), providing an additional layer of protection. Early detection of these infections, along with appropriate medical follow-up, is crucial for effective management of sexual health. In the case of pregnant women who test positive for HIV, it is mandatory to follow treatment during pregnancy and after childbirth to prevent the transmission of the virus to the baby. Moreover, newborns of HIV-positive mothers must undergo regular medical check-ups, and breastfeeding is advised against. The importance of conducting prenatal check-ups in each trimester of pregnancy becomes evident, with a call for pregnant women to attend accompanied by their partners to share the responsibility of their sexual health. This comprehensive approach not only increases the effectiveness of prevention but also fosters a culture of shared responsibility in health care. Regarding the epidemiological situation in Salta, the STI program has reported a total of 259 cases of syphilis in pregnancies as of 2024, with a concerning increase in the transmission of this disease from mother to child, evidenced by 69 diagnosed and treated cases of congenital syphilis. On the other hand, 59 pregnant women with HIV have been diagnosed and treated, resulting in none of the exposed children testing positive, reflecting the effectiveness of prenatal care programs. The information presented highlights the urgency of implementing programs for the prevention and control of STIs during pregnancy, as well as the need for collaboration between health professionals and pregnant individuals. Reproductive health and the protection of babies begin with education and prevention, aspects that must be at the center of medical care during this crucial stage of life.