Peru faces constant earthquakes: the importance of seismic preparedness and education.

On August 1, 2024, Peru was once again reminded of its location in the Pacific Ring of Fire, one of the most seismically active areas in the world. Throughout the day, the Geophysical Institute of Peru (IGP) reported several earthquakes, a constant in the lives of Peruvians who inevitably live under the threat of a natural phenomenon that can occur at any moment. According to the IGP, approximately one thousand earthquakes are recorded in the country each year, a reminder that tectonic activity never stops. The day began with a clear message from the authorities to keep the population informed about the seismic situation in the country. In this regard, the IGP provided real-time information about the tremors that occurred, including their magnitudes and epicenters. Civil society, aware of the unpredictable nature of these events, remained attentive to the recommendations issued by the National Institute of Civil Defense (INDECI). Hernando Tavera, executive president of the IGP, explained the relationship between seismic activity in Peru and the collision of the Nazca and South American tectonic plates. This interaction occurs at an approximate speed of 7 centimeters per year, generating friction and accumulation of stress in the Earth's crust. At a certain point, this accumulation is released in the form of seismic waves, manifesting as a tremor. This technical explanation highlights the country's vulnerability to significant earthquakes, which could cause devastating damage. Despite the frequency of minor tremors, Peru maintains a prolonged seismic silence that could culminate in a major earthquake. This uncertainty causes anxiety among the population, and it is here that education and preparedness become vital tools. Knowing evacuation routes, having a family emergency response plan, and maintaining a basic supply kit are essential elements that INDECI recommends to citizens. Seismic activity is not only a geological phenomenon but also becomes a topic of social and cultural relevance in Peru. The collective memory of past earthquakes, such as the one in 1970 in Ancash or the more recent one in 2007 in Pisco, evokes the need to be prepared and not to underestimate the power of nature. These events have imparted crucial lessons about the importance of prevention, building resilient infrastructure, and raising awareness of seismic risks. Amidst this reality, the IGP and INDECI have intensified their information and training campaigns. The dissemination of data about earthquakes, their potential impacts, and the actions to be taken in the event of a seismic occurrence are central aspects of their efforts to protect the population. However, the information must be assimilated and practiced; a call for prevention is of no use if it is not carried out effectively. Technology also plays a crucial role in seismic monitoring. The use of early warning systems could mitigate some of the devastating effects of an earthquake, providing critical seconds for the population to seek shelter. However, this type of technology is not yet available throughout the country, underscoring the importance of continuous education and investment in resilient infrastructure. As the day progresses, the population remains attentive to updates on seismic movements. Uncertainty persists, but so does the determination of Peruvians to face any eventuality. The accumulated experience from past earthquakes has fostered a culture of preparedness that, while it cannot eliminate risk, can reduce the impact of a potential disaster. Finally, it is essential to remember that prevention is a collective effort. The information provided by the IGP and INDECI should be shared and discussed in homes, schools, and communities. Awareness of seismic activity and a culture of prevention are vital to facing the challenges presented by Peru's geography. The reality of living in a seismic country can be challenging, but with proper preparation and education, it is possible to mitigate its effects and protect the population.