Venezuela before key elections: new direction or more polarization?

In the context of the upcoming elections in Venezuela, scheduled for July 28, the country faces a crossroads that could define its political and social future. The figure of Simón Bolívar, the Liberator, has been instrumental in the Venezuelan political narrative, especially under the Chavista regime. Since the promulgation of the 1999 Constitution, which transformed the country into the "Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela," the exaltation of Bolívar has been used to legitimize the government's actions. This attachment to the figure of the Liberator is a strategy aimed at connecting the current struggle with the independence ideals of more than two centuries ago. Throughout its recent history, the country has been marked by political polarization and criticism of Nicolás Maduro's management, who assumed the presidency following Hugo Chávez's death in 2013. Since then, the situation has evolved into an unprecedented humanitarian and economic crisis, leading to the exodus of approximately 7 million Venezuelans. Maduro's administration has maintained power through military support and a tight control of state security, raising questions about the legitimacy of the electoral process and the possibility of significant change in the country's direction. Venezuela's economic context is one of the most complex in the world. Despite having the largest oil reserves on the planet, production has been erratic, falling from 3.5 million barrels per day in 2008 to figures close to 400,000 barrels. Although it has recovered somewhat recently, reaching nearly one million barrels, the effects of corruption and mismanagement remain evident. In this framework, the sanctions imposed by the United States, which began in 2018 following the non-recognition of Maduro's elections, have had a profound impact on the Venezuelan economy. The sanctions have been a subject of debate, especially after an agreement between the government and the opposition aimed at creating a conducive environment for holding fair elections. Although pressure on certain companies was temporarily eased, the reinstatement of sanctions has left many Venezuelans in an even more precarious situation. This phenomenon has led to a greater reliance on humanitarian aid programs, both national and international, to address the growing needs of the population. Venezuela's recent history has also been characterized by an increase in criminal violence, although homicide rates have shown a downward trend in recent years. However, the expansion of criminal gangs such as the Tren de Aragua has generated an atmosphere of insecurity that affects millions. These organizations have spread across Latin American countries, perpetuating a cycle of violence, extortion, and human trafficking that is largely fueled by the migration crisis that has overwhelmed the region. In addition to the political and economic crisis, Venezuelan culture has begun to gain international recognition, particularly through its cuisine. The arepa, an emblematic dish made from corn, has found its place in cities around the world, becoming a symbol of resistance and Venezuelan identity. This cultural phenomenon contrasts with the harsh reality faced by millions of Venezuelans, reminding us that despite adversity, the essence of the country continues to resonate in various corners of the globe. The natural beauty of Venezuela, which includes wonders such as Canaima National Park and Angel Falls, remains an attraction worthy of recognition. These sites not only represent an invaluable natural heritage but also serve as a reminder of the cultural and historical richness the country possesses. However, access to these resources and their conservation are threatened by the current political and social situation. The University City of Caracas, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is another testament to the cultural and architectural potential of the country. Despite the difficulties, these spaces continue to be a source of inspiration and hope for new generations seeking a better future. Education, in this sense, stands as a fundamental pillar for the social and economic reconstruction of Venezuela. In conclusion, the elections on July 28 represent more than just a political event; they reflect the country's internal struggle to find a path toward stability and social cohesion. The figure of Simón Bolívar, although used for political purposes, remains a symbol of the quest for freedom and justice that many Venezuelans yearn for. As the country enters this crucial moment, the world will be watching closely, hoping that Venezuela's story takes a new direction.