The forests of the world in crisis: threats and solutions for their conservation

The forests of the world are in the midst of an unprecedented crisis, facing a combination of factors that threaten their survival and the health of our planet. According to a recent study by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), global warming, forest fires, pests, and the increasing demand for wood are exerting extreme pressure on forest ecosystems globally. The report "The State of the World's Forests 2024: Innovations in the Forest Sector Towards a More Sustainable Future" warns of the increasing intensity and frequency of forest fires, which in 2023 released approximately 6687 megatons of carbon dioxide (CO2) globally, significantly contributing to global warming. This phenomenon is exacerbated by drought and climate change, making forests more vulnerable to invasive species such as insects, pests, and pathogens. A prominent example is the pine wood nematode, which has caused devastating damage in pine forests in Asian countries and is predicted to cause similar damage in North America by 2027. Despite these challenges, global wood production remains at record levels, reaching 4000 million cubic meters annually, with close to 6000 million people depending on non-timber forest products for their livelihoods. The FAO projects a 49% increase in global demand for roundwood between 2020 and 2050, posing a significant challenge for the sustainable management of forests and the conservation of biodiversity. In this context, innovation in the forest sector becomes crucial to progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) proposed by the United Nations' 2030 Agenda, especially SDG 15 which focuses on sustainable forest management and halting deforestation. The FAO emphasizes the importance of implementing technological, social, political, institutional, and financial innovations to improve forest management and promote sustainable practices. Artificial intelligence is presented as a key tool for the automated analysis of radar, drone, satellite, and space station data, allowing for more effective monitoring and management of forests. Qu Dongyu, Director-General of the FAO, highlights that science and innovation are fundamental to finding forest-based solutions and promoting sustainable development. The adoption of innovative forest products, along with inclusive policies involving women, youth, and indigenous communities, is key to ensuring a fair distribution of benefits and building a more sustainable future for our forests and their inhabitants. In summary, the current global situation of forests requires a comprehensive approach that combines biodiversity conservation, sustainable forest resource management, and the promotion of innovative practices. Only through a joint effort, based on science, technology, and global collaboration, can we address current challenges and protect the invaluable natural wealth that our forests represent.