The legacy of Perón 50 years after his death: influence and division in Argentina

In a country marked by passion and political polarization, the figure of Juan Domingo Perón continues to be as influential as divisive 50 years after his death. Although the majority of present-day Argentines did not live through his heyday, the legacy of the former president remains present in the country's political life. Peronism, the movement founded by Perón in 1945, has been a dominant force in the Argentine political scene, leading the leader to be the only president elected three times in the country's history. Despite the ups and downs and proscriptions it has faced, Peronism has maintained its influence over the years, maintaining a firm grip on political power in Argentina. Even with the recent emergence of economist Javier Milei, who challenged the Peronist candidate in the November presidential elections, Peronism remains a relevant force in Argentine politics. Majorities in Congress and in numerous provinces and municipalities in the country demonstrate the widespread presence of this political current in the daily lives of Argentines. Historian María del Mar Solis Carnicer from the National University of the Northeast highlights that Perón managed to generate an "emotional attachment" from a massive sector of the population that had previously been ignored. His closeness to workers, through his work in the Department of Labor, allowed him to establish a solid support base that transcended generations. Peronism was characterized by a policy of "democratization of well-being," which included the expansion of labor rights, the creation of a welfare state that guaranteed health, education, and housing, and income redistribution measures that benefited broad sectors of society. These policies, while generating admiration and loyalty in many, also sparked criticism for possible populist and clientelist practices. Perón's influence was partly due to his charisma and undisputed leadership. Despite criticism of his authoritarian and personalized style, his ability to attract followers from various political and social sectors has endured over the years. His pragmatism and ability to adapt to different circumstances allowed him to stay in power and continue to be a reference figure in Argentine politics. Despite his achievements and positive legacy in terms of expanding rights, Peronism has also been criticized for its handling of the economy and possible clientelist practices. Political polarization around the figure of Perón and Peronism has persisted over time, generating deep divisions in Argentine society. 50 years after the death of Juan Domingo Perón, his legacy continues to be a subject of debate and reflection in Argentina. His influence endures in the country's political and social life, leaving an indelible mark on the collective memory of Argentines. The figure of Perón, with its lights and shadows, remains an unavoidable reference in the political history of Argentina, triggering passions and controversies that endure over time.